Dose-dependent effect of chronic exposure to lead acetate on the dynamics of the content of delta-aminolevulinic acid and essential trace elements in the serum of laying hens

D. Morozenko,E. Dotsenko,А. Zemlianskyi,O. Pavlichenko,А. Paliy,R. Dotsenko

doi:10.15421/022195

Abstract

 One of the most global and dangerous pollutants is considered to be lead, due to its ability to accumulate in living organisms, to be included in the metabolic cycle, to form highly toxic organometallic compounds, not being biodegradable. To study the chronic effects of lead acetate, an experiment was performed on laying hens of Lohmann Brown cross. For research, one control and three experimental groups were formed, 20 chickens in each. Birds of the experimental groups were administered lead acetate daily with compound feed in doses (in terms of metal): Group I – 50 mg/kg of feed, II – 75 mg/kg of feed, III – 150 mg/kg of feed. Access to water was not restricted. The birds of the control group received a complete diet without lead acetate. On the 30th, 90th, 120th days of the experiment and the 20th day after withdrawal of the toxicant (the 140th day of the experiment), we took blood samples from birds for biochemical and toxicological studies. The concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) in the serum of laying hens was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Determination of the content of lead in the serum of laying hens was performed by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The concentration of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium in the serum of the laying hens was determined using production kits. We detected the dose-dependent chronic effect of lead acetate on the dynamics of the content of delta-aminolevulinic acid and essential trace elements in the serum of laying hens. The administration of lead acetate into the body of productive poultry for 120 days in doses of 50, 75, and 150 mg/kg with feed did not cause visible clinical signs of poisoning, but caused a violation of porphyrin metabolism, manifested in a reliable increase in the concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid in serum on the 30th, 90th and 120th days of the experiment. It has been experimentally proven that the administration into the body of laying hens of lead acetate in doses of 50, 75 and 150 mg/kg of feed for 120 days leads to the maximum accumulation of lead in the serum on the 30th, 90th, and 120th days of the experiment. Prolonged administration of lead acetate to laying hens at high concentrations is characterized by a reliable decrease in the content of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in the serum of laying hens and a reliable increase in the content of ferrum. In the future it is necessary to study the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in laying hens under chronic exposure to lead acetate.

Highlights

According to the World Health Organization, lead is accepted as one of the most global and dangerous pollutants
The research showed that the administration of lead acetate in doses of 50, 75 and 150 mg/kg for 120 days with diet of laying hens did not cause visible clinical signs of poultry poisoning, but led to disruption of porphyrin metabolism, in particular, increased content of deltaaminolevulinic acid, an intermediate product of heme biosynthesis, in the serum of laying hens
The results of our studies have shown that prolonged administration of lead acetate with feed to poultry caused reliable changes in the content of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and ferrum in the serum of laying hens, which for 120 days received lead acetate in doses of 50, 75 and 150 mg/kg of feed

Summary

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, lead is accepted as one of the most global and dangerous pollutants. Based on the data of the authors (Puschenreiter et al, 2005; Tangahu et al, 2011; Shulman et al., 2017; Kozak & Brygadyrenko, 2018; Souri et al, 2019), the accumulation of this xenobiotic in certain parts of the trophic chain “atmospheric air – water – soil – plants – feed – livestock products” is possible. It has been established that the systematic administration of lead by the alimentary way in low concentrations poses a potential danger to the body of poultry, leads to accumulation of metal in organs and tissues, as a consequence, disrupts physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level, causes chronic intoxication and reduces egg production (Ebrahimi et al, 2015; Mordarski et al, 2018). The production of environmentally friendly livestock products requires the implementation of comprehensive approaches to minimize and prevent the presence of hazardous compounds and their metabolites in both feed and final food products (Rodionova et al, 2020)

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