Abstract

Andrographis paniculata (AP) is popularly known as ‘King of bitters’, and it is an important medicinal plant which is cultivated in Southeast Asia and other tropical parts of the world. AP contains monoterpenoids, ent-labdane diterpenoids, flavonoids, quinic acids and xanthones. Andrographolide and its derivatives isolated from AP are reported to have a wide range of pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antidiabetic, antileukemia, and anticancer activities. In this review, we trace domestication of AP by considering phytogeographical and historical evidences. These lines of evidences suggest that AP was domesticated in South India. Further, AP was involved in diversification through natural selection when it was introduced to new environmental and ecological conditions.

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