Abstract
Results from international assessments focusing on the use of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) show that Malaysian students perform poorly in Data Handling. At the same time, the Malaysian education system is undergoing a dramatic change in which information and communications technology (ICT) is integrated into the education system in order to enhance the overall quality of education. Smart board has become one of the interactive technology tools that are widely used in schools to facilitate teaching and learning practices. Therefore, this study aims to design and develop an active learning instruction using smart board (ALuSB program) to enhance HOTS in Data Handling among students in Malaysian primary schools. The research was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the ALuSB program was developed by using the ADDIE model which integrated five phases, i.e., analysis, design, development, implement, and evaluate. Then, in the second stage, the quasi-experimental design, a non-equivalent control group design with a pre-test and a post-test, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the ALuSB program on students’ HOTS. The students were split into three groups equally, i.e., two experimental groups and one control group. Various instruments, including an ALuSB program evaluation form as well as pre-test and post-test rubrics, were used. The results of the analysis suggest that there is a statistically significant difference between the ALuSB program, an active learning instruction and a conventional learning method in enhancing each level of HOTS in Data Handling among students. Although all students from each group show improvements in enhancing HOTS in Data Handling, the ALuSB program is the most effective method compared to the active learning instruction and the conventional learning method. Therefore, the ALuSB program promotes students’ active learning and ownership of learning, supports learning by doing, as well as encourages HOTS and peer sharing.
Highlights
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is the abbreviation for higher order thinking skills
This study aims to achieve two main objectives: 1. To design and develop an active learning instruction using smart board (ALuSB program) to enhance HOTS in Data Handling among students in Malaysian primary schools
Smart board is among the top technological tools that have been widely used by numerous school teachers in different countries
Summary
HOTS is the abbreviation for higher order thinking skills. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Chin-Feng Lai. examination questions test the analytical and creative thinking skills of the students. For the Primary School Achievement Test (UPSR), 40% of the questions focus on HOTS, whereas 50% of the questions for the Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) are related to HOTS [2]. This revolution in the mathematics assessments suggests that teachers in school will put less emphasis on guessing and drilling for content recall.
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