Abstract
Data Handling is an important topic in the Mathematics Primary Curriculum as it brings the real world of seeing data to students. However, the assessments of PISA and TIMSS indicated that the level of Malaysian students' performance and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Data Handling is declining. Thus, this study was designed to develop active learning instructions using smart board (ALuSB programme) and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing HOTS among Malaysian students in Data Handling. The study was carried out in two stages; the design and development of ALuSB programme stage based on ADDIE model and the evaluation stage to see the enhancement of HOTS in Data Handling. The research design adopted for this study was a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent control group. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected for analyses. The quantitative data was analysed using One-way ANOVA to evaluate the mean differences between the treatment groups whereas a post hoc test was further used to determine precisely which mean differences were significant and visa-versa among all the three groups. Additionally, the qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings in this study indicated that ALuSB programme has the potential to improve students' performance and HOTS in Data Handling. Students also demonstrated increase in their ability to carry out a procedure, differentiate and organise data, make judgments and create a table or graph, making the ALuSB programme suitable to be applied in schools as it can effectively help students to enhance their HOTS.
Highlights
Data Handling is a significant topic in Mathematics Curriculum in Malaysia and it is introduced to primary school students
The objective in this phase is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ALuSB programme in enhancing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Data Handling among students in a Malaysian primary school
The post hoc test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the ALuSB programme, active learning instruction and conventional learning method in enhancing HOTS in Data Handling among students in a Malaysian primary school (p=< 0.000)
Summary
Data Handling is a significant topic in Mathematics Curriculum in Malaysia and it is introduced to primary school students. It is crucial that any type of Data Handling should be given a real life context or problem solving approach to help build children’s understanding of the purpose of Data Handling, and to help them recognise when to use certain Data Handling approaches when faced with problems. This aspect must be taken into consideration in Data Handling lessons especially for year five primary school students as the Malaysian Mathematics Integrated Curriculum for Year Five encompasses most of the important skills of Data Handling. It is important for teachers to ensure that students understand the concept of Data Handling during their primary years
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