Does the time of resternotomy for bleeding have any influence on the incidence of sternal infections, septic courses or further complications?

Abstract

Former studies on sternal wound infections indicate predisposing factors like diabetes, obesity, use of bilateral internal mammary grafts, impaired renal function and reoperation. We wanted to evaluate whether the time of resternotomy for postoperative bleeding has any influence on the development of a sternal wound infection and other complications. In our department, 12,315 patients underwent median sternotomy for cardiac surgery between 1987 and 1998. We analyzed the clinical data of all patients which were reoperated on for postoperative bleeding, especially patients with subsequent operations caused by sternal wound infections. All data were compared by T-test respectively chi2-test, and p<0.05 was regarded as significant. 406 of the 12,315 patients were re-explored because of postoperative bleeding (3.3%). 57 (14%) of these patients died in the postoperative period of non-infectious complications. The remaining patients were divided into two groups: Group A (286 patients) (70.4%) did not suffer from any sternal wound complications, where as group B patients (n = 63) (15.6%) needed subsequent surgery due to sternal infection. There were no significant differences in either concerning age, clinical data and first operation. All patients had an average blood loss of 223 ml/hr. The time before re-operation for bleeding was 5.3+/-1.7 hours in group A compared to 11.1+/-4.2 hours in group B (p<0.05). A significant delay of reoperation for bleeding could also be found for patients with postoperative septic complications (ø: 5.2+/-1.9 hours, +: 12.9+/-5.2 hours), renal failure, mechanical ventilation >48 hours and a stay in hospital >20 days. Early reoperation for postoperative bleeding decreases the number of subsequent complications, e.g. sternal wound infections, septic complications and prolonged mechanical ventilation.