Abstract
Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of different resistance exercise (RE) volumes on postexercise cardiac autonomic modulation in men. Methods: Ten young men (25.5 ± 4.9 years, 24.8 ± 2.1 kg/m2) performed 3 trials of RE with 1, 2 or 3 sets (48-72 h between each trial) of 10-12 repetitions (70% of the one-maximum repetition) of bench press, leg press, and barbell row. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed at the 1st and 5th minutes of recovery (fast phase) and 3 consecutive 5-minute intervals from the 5th to 20th minute of recovery (slow phase). Parasympathetic and global modulations were assessed using the SD1 and SD2 indices of HRV, respectively. The comparison of the interventions was performed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). Results: Lower parasympathetic modulation was identified after 2 and 3 sets compared to 1 set in both the fast and slow recovery phases (p= 0.004-0.05). Lower global modulation was identified after 3 sets compared to 1 set in both fast and slow recovery phases (p= 0.005-0.01). No differences in post-exercise parasympathetic and global modulation were observed between 2 and 3 sets. Conclusion: We concluded that 2 and 3 sets of RE compared to 1 set promoted higher autonomic reduction on the post-exercise phase, which should be considered by coaches when prescribing an RE program for untrained participants or intend to manipulate the postexercise organic recovery.
Highlights
During exercise, an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity and a decrease in cardiac parasympathetic modulation occurs to increase blood pressure and cardiac output according to the peripheral metabolic demand[1]
Compared to the resting parasympathetic measures, all resistance exercise (RE) protocols were characterized by low values of SD11min (p=0.0050.01; effect size (ES)=0.78-0.88), SD15min (p=0.004-0.005, ES=0.87-0.88), SD110min (p=0.005-0.02, ES=0.72-0.88), SD115min (p=0.005-0.03, ES= 0.63-0.88) and SD120min (p=0.007-0.01, ES= 0.75-0.85) throughout the recovery phase
Low values of SD2 were observed for all RE protocols during the fast recovery phase compared to the resting measures [SD21min (p=0.004-0.005, ES= 0.87-0.88), SD25min (p=0.004-0.005, ES= 0.87-0.88)], only the 2- and 3-set protocols resulted in lower values of SD210min (1 set: p=0.33, ES= 0.31; 2 sets: p=0.005, ES= 0.88; 3 sets: p=0.005, ES= 0.88), SD215min (1 set: p=0.50, ES= 0.20; 2 sets: p=0.005, ES= 0.88; 3 sets: p=0.005, ES= 0.88) and SD220min (1 set: p=0.24, ES= 0.37; 2 sets: p=0.005, ES= 0.88; 3 sets: p=0.005, ES= 0.88) during the slow recovery phase
Summary
An increase in cardiac sympathetic activity and a decrease in cardiac parasympathetic modulation occurs to increase blood pressure and cardiac output according to the peripheral metabolic demand[1]. Postexercise PR has been used to identify acute and chronic adjustments/adaptations in the cardiac autonomic function that are related to different modalities of exercise training[3,4,5]. In this scenario, the use of heart rate variability (HRV), a proxy measure of cardiac autonomic modulation, to monitoring PR has gained attention in the scientific literature as a low cost and non-invasive alternative to manage the exercise-induced internal overload[6,7]. A better knowledge concerning the acute effects of different resistance exercise (RE) training programs on cardiac autonomic modulation capacity can improve exercise protocols that take into account the cardiac autonomic status, contributing to minimize the risk of exercise-induced negative response
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