Does the glufosinate-ammonium herbicide have the potential to induce the hormesis effect in upland rice?

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low doses of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium in different application modes in the vegetative development of upland rice. The treatment consisted of a combination of five low doses (0; 15; 30; 60; and 100 g a.i. ha−1) of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium and four application modes of the low doses: single between active tillering (AT) and floral differentiation (FD); single after FD; split in two (the first at the beginning of the AT and the second between AT and FD; split in three (the first at the beginning of the AT, the second between the AT and the FD and the third after the FD, with. There was no hormesis effect on rice crop due to low doses of glufosinate-ammonium. The vegetative development of rice plants was reduced by the application of low doses in all application modes with lower plant height, dry weight, number of panicles, and effective tiller.