Abstract
BackgroundSeveral studies demonstrated a short-term association between ambient temperature and blood pressure. However, few studies have assessed the long-term effect of ambient temperature on children’s blood pressure. The present study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to local ambient temperature and children’s blood pressure in China.MethodsWe analyzed the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) data of 71,763 children from 2010 Chinese National Survey on Students’ Construction and Health (CHNSCH), and local annual average ambient temperature, relative humidity, air pollutants data from China Meteorological Administration and Ministry of Environment Protection of China. We used generalized additive model (GAM) with non-linear function to examine the effects of ambient temperature on children’s blood pressure.ResultsThe results showed that decrease of ambient temperature was negatively associated with increase of both SBP and DBP in Chinese children while adjusting for individual characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, air pollutants and relative humidity. The largest alteration of SBP related to the temperature difference was observed from 20.4 to 9.6 °C, with 9.0 mmHg (95 % CI: 8.4, 9.5) increase in SBP, while the largest alteration of DBP was observed from 21.7 to 10.2 °C, with 6.1 mmHg (95 % CI: 5.6, 6.6) increase in DBP. However, when temperature below 9.6 and 10.2 °C, SBP and DBP started to decrease, which might be caused by the use of heating system in the extreme cold areas.ConclusionsPublic health policy should be improved for protecting children’s cardiovascular health from adverse effects of low temperature. Development of heating system in moderate cold area might be a good solution.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0119-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Several studies demonstrated a short-term association between ambient temperature and blood pressure
We only found one study conducted in Germany which analyzed the seasonal variation of blood pressure of German children [17]
Statistical analyses We examined the association between temperature and the children’s blood pressure (BP) by using Generalized Additive Models (GAM)
Summary
Several studies demonstrated a short-term association between ambient temperature and blood pressure. Few studies have assessed the long-term effect of ambient temperature on children’s blood pressure. The present study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to local ambient temperature and children’s blood pressure in China. Raised arterial blood pressure (BP) is a leading cause of this cardiovascular events [4]. Children’s susceptibility could be resulted from many factors such as the lung defense mechanisms against the changes of climatic circumstance which are not fully evolved compared with adults, the continuing process of growth and development of cardiovascular system, less effective heat adaptation capacity and greater surface area to body mass [12,13,14].
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