Does ensuring optimum vitamin D levels result in early resolution of neurocysticercosis?

Abstract

Background Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy. Calcified granulomas are known to cause seizure recurrence. Researchers have reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with brain calcification and reduction in calcification occurs with vitamin D receptor agonist calcitriol through upregulation of SLC20A2. Based on these observations, a hypothesis was proposed that the occurrence of calcification could be reduced by optimizing vitamin D levels, resulting in early resolution of neurocysticercosis. Methodology A case-control (retrospective and prospective) study on 60 children with solitary intraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, 20 new cases prior to starting cysticidal therapy and other 40 resolved cases was carried out. Among new cases, children deficient in vitamin D were given megadose of vitamin D and vitamin D levels were rechecked after 30 days. Children having normal vitamin D were taken as cases and the deficient ones were taken as controls. Standard treatment for neurocysticercosis was given. Three monthly MRI scans were done. Outcome was evaluated as resolution/persistence of neurocysticercosis at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Statistics and Results Pearson chi square/Fisher’s exact test was used along with Kaplan Meier and log rank test. Of 60 patients, at 6 months 3 cases and 4 controls (p value 0.43), at 9 months 2 cases and 6 controls (p value 0.037) and at 12 months 3 cases and 6 controls (p value 0.029) had complete resolution of NCC. Conclusion The results do not show that adequate vitamin D levels result in early resolution of neurocysticercosis.