Abstract
ABSTRACT The crop succession and nitrogen splitting fertilization are managements that can affect the common bean technological quality and, consequently, the profitability of producer and the food biological value. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether crop succession and N splitting fertilization promote differences in the technological quality of common bean grains. The experiment was carried out during winter over two agricultural years in southeastern Brazil. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of three crop successional systems (maize sole, maize + Urochloa ruziziensis, U. ruziziensis sole) and the subplots contained nine combinations of N splitting fertilization at a rate of 90 kg·ha-1 N top-dressing in the phenological stages V3, V4, and R5 of the common bean and a control without fertilization. The evaluated variables were: sieve yield greater than or equal to 12 (SY ? 12), crude protein content, cooking time, and hydration ratio. Crop succession promotes differences in the technological quality of common bean; however, the N splitting fertilization did not change the technological attributes of grains. The highest technological quality of common bean was obtained after succession with U. ruziziensis sole, generating large size and crude protein content of grain, followed by the succession with maize + U. ruziziensis intercropping, and finally, the succession with maize sole. Therefore, the crop succession is a fundamental factor for obtaining common bean with higher technological quality, affecting the food biological value and the profitability of producers.
Highlights
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), being one of the most relevant protein sources for the poorest population of underdeveloped and developing countries (Fageria et al 2014), has high social and economic importance worldwide
The plots were composed of three crop successional systems and the subplots contained nine combinations of N splitting fertilization at a rate of 90 kg·ha-1 N top-dressing in the phenological stages V3, V4, and R5 of the common bean and a control without fertilization
The profit of the common bean producer is associated with grain technological quality, since the product price is defined based on grain technological attributes (Carbonell et al 2010)
Summary
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), being one of the most relevant protein sources for the poorest population of underdeveloped and developing countries (Fageria et al 2014), has high social and economic importance worldwide. The profit of the common bean producer is associated with grain technological quality, since the product price is defined based on grain technological attributes (Carbonell et al 2010). Among the factors that define the price of common beans of commercial group ‘Carioca’, the size and tegument color can be highlighted. This is because the larger and lighter the grains, the higher the price paid per kilogram of grains (Carbonell et al 2010; Ramalho and Abreu 2006)
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