Abstract
The study which is among pioneering studies answer the question that does CO2 emission have any link with the Change democratic conditions in ASEAN Countries. Great challenge in the form of global environmental problem has been faced by human society. Policy agendas for each country are governed by the political institutions. The present study aims to investigate the association among the state of political institution, environmental emission, and development indicator while taking the impact of economic conditions such as free economy, fluctuating economy, deteriorated economy and improvised economy under consideration. The study has collected the data of 10 ASEAN countries over the period from 1979 to 2014. The Panel data methodology is employed to answer the question raised in study. The Fixed effect estimates indicate that, economic growth is in significant positive relationship with change in democratic situation emission. It is also evident that the CO2 emission is higher in fluctuating Asean economies with relatively weak democracy such as Indonesia and Thailand and negative in the improvised democracies such Singapore. The study is among the pioneering studies on the current issue. This study will provide a guideline in environmental policy implementation. Keywords: Carbon emissions, democratic conditions, ASEAN countriesJEL Classifications: Q2, Q4DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9169
Highlights
The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) proclaims that during the process of economic development, countries environmental emissions inflate contributing more towards environmental degradation, and after reaching a certain level of economic development, the emission level starts reducing and resultantly helps in restoring the environmental quality (Özokcu and Özdemir, 2017)
The results indicated that for a given gross domestic product (GDP), CO2 emissions were found to be elastic for GDP and energy consumption but inelastic for the FDI
The fixed effect methodology is appeared as most appropriate methodology in the current study, The impact of economic growth economic freedom carbon dioxide emission on the improving democratic situation situation is shown in the Table 3
Summary
The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) proclaims that during the process of economic development, countries environmental emissions inflate contributing more towards environmental degradation, and after reaching a certain level of economic development, the emission level starts reducing and resultantly helps in restoring the environmental quality (Özokcu and Özdemir, 2017). The EKC hypothesis encompasses numerous factors, for instance, countries while achieving economic development alter their national income formation, i.e., they tend to advance towards services sector and industrialization (Balsalobre-Lorente et al, 2018). The demand for environmental quality increases with the improvement in per capita income. Political institution is a factor which helps in the achievement of national as well as global objectives. The current study aims to empirically analyze the relation between economic development, democracy, environmental degradation, and urbanization
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