Do We Need a Computed Tomography Examination in All Patients with Acute Pancreatitis within 72 h after Admission to Hospital for the Detection of Pancreatic Necrosis?

Abstract

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to define the role of an initial contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) obtained within 72 h after admission to hospital for determining the prognosis of acute pancreatitis and to investigate whether CT scans can be replaced by conventional prognostic parameters. Methods: The study involves 231 patients admitted to the Lüneburg clinic with a first attack of acute pancreatitis from 1988 to 1995. In all of them, a contrast-enhanced CT was performed within 72 h of admission and scored according to Balthazar. The results were compared with the Ranson and Imrie laboratory prognostic scores and with parameters of the severity of the disease: the initial organ failure according to the Atlanta classification; days spent on intensive care unit or altogether in hospital; indication for artificial ventilation, dialysis and surgical intervention (necrosectomy); development of pancreatic pseudocysts; and mortality. Results: Although there was a good statistical correlation between Ranson, Imrie, and Balthazar scores with the severity of the disease (P < 0.001 to P = 0.03), low and moderately raised Ranson (0-2, 0-5 points) and Imrie scores (0-1, 0-3 points) failed to identify all patients with pancreatic necrosis with sufficient sensitivity rates (31.7; 78.0 and 39.0; 78.0%), positive (32.6; 25.3 and 75.0; 45.0%) and negative (91.0; 87.9 and 85.4; 84.8%) predictive values. Conclusions: A contrast-enhanced CT on admission correlates significantly with the severity of the disease and cannot be replaced by conventional laboratory prognostic scores. The decision to use a CT cannot depend on the results of the Ranson/Imrie scores.