Abstract
Extensive damages and numerous casualties are produced by natural disasters and hazards in urban areas. Hence, the absorption, recovery and adaptation to them through resilience are highly necessary to ensure operation and enhancement of urban systems. The significance of urbanization led to launch some tools such as BREEAM Communities, CASBEE for Urban Development, DNGB Urban Districts, Green Star Communities, LEED for Neighbourhood Development or STAR Community to promote sustainable development in communities and cities. After selecting the most relevant community rating systems, this research determined their adequacy to handle urban challenges by benchmarking them against the major international efforts and some relevant resilience assessment tools extracted from the study of eight global frameworks. Thus, the Sendai Framework and the 2030 Agenda represented the former, whilst the latter considered the City Resilience Index and the City Resilience Profiling Tool. The findings of this investigation revealed that the indicators of STAR Community and BREEAM Communities reflected the highest level of correspondence with the resilience assessment frameworks. However, the existence of prominent gaps in all the screened community rating systems suggests the need for developing a new tool involving both resilience and sustainability.
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