Do any kinds of perceived stressors lead to hypertension? A longitudinal cohort study.

Abstract

Stress has been suggested as a contributing factor in the etiology and progression of hypertension in prior investigations. For a more comprehensive understanding of this concept, in this study, we aim to evaluate different domains of perceived stress and their possible contribution to the development of hypertension (HTN). This is a secondary analysis of the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). We used data from 2007 and 2013. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Stressful Life Events Questionnaire (SLEQ) were used to evaluate psychological distress and perceived stress in subjects, and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to assess their association with HTN. Psychological distress had a significant positive relation with HTN that remained after full adjustment for other covariates. Individuals with high stress levels were 38% more likely to develop HTN (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18, 1.59). After full adjustment, total perceived stress was significantly associated with a 15% increase in HTN development (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.29). Domains of perceived stress that were significantly associated with HTN independent of sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates were job conflict, job security, personal conflict, sexual life and daily life in both genders and financial problems in males (P < 0.01). The findings from this study underline the importance of identifying the effect of different sources of perceived stress to organize community-based strategies for the management of hypertension and help health professionals prioritize and efficiently allocate their resources for interventions.