Abstract
The deoxyribonuclease 1 (Dnase1) family is a key family of endonucleases that degrades DNA. Loss of Dnase1 family function causes several diseases where the host’s immune system targets the host, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome.
Highlights
A role for deoxyribonuclease 1 (Dnase1) family members in digestion has been proposed for sponges [19]. Both Dnase1 and Dnase1L3 may act in this role in phylogenetically lower organisms, with specialization between these enzymes potentially occurring in higher organisms
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are networks of polynucleosomes released from activated neutrophils that primarily consist of chromatin and histones [23]
The Dnase1 family of nucleases is critical for limiting the inflammatory nature of DNA and maintaining homeostasis
Summary
Dnase activity was generally recognized to require divalent cations (Ca2+ or Mg2+ ), to act optimally at neutral pH, and to leave 50 phosphates following DNA cleavage [1,2,3,4]. Multiple proteins possess acid and neutral DNase activity. In the 1990s, three new members of the Dnase I family were discovered, and termed “DNase1-like” proteins: Dnase1L1, Dnase1L2, and. Dnase1-like 1 (Dnase1L1) was discovered in 1995 and first named human. Dnase1L3 was called novel human Dnase (nhDnase) [13], and liver/spleen DNase (LS-Dnase) [14]. Dnase family members often show restricted tissue expression. Dnase1L2 is primarily restricted to keratinocytes, and tissues containing them, like the skin [17]. Distinct Dnase family members enable tissue-specific DNA degradation, dependent on the function of that tissue.
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