Abstract
Molecular oxygen and its partly reduced derivatives are powerful oxidizing agents, abundant in living cells. They can cause serious damage to biological macromolecules, with damage to DNA being potentially the most harmful. Both nucleobases and phosphodiester backbone are prone to oxidative damage; several dozens of oxidative DNA lesions have been identified so far. Oxidative DNA damage may be mutagenic and cytotoxic, is involved in cancer initiation, and likely contributes to aging. As the integrity of genomic DNA is critical to cell survival, a variety of intracellular systems have evolved to prevent and repair oxidative DNA damage.
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