Abstract
DNA, a natural biological material, has become an ideal choice for biomedical applications, mainly owing to its good biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, modifiability, and especially programmability. In recent years, with the deepening of the understanding of the physical and chemical properties of DNA and the continuous advancement of DNA synthesis and modification technology, the biomedical applications based on DNA materials have been upgraded to version 2.0: through elaborate design and fabrication of smart-responsive DNA nanodevices, they can respond to external or internal physical or chemical stimuli so as to smartly perform certain specific functions. For tumor treatment, this advancement provides a new way to solve the problems of precise targeting, controllable release, and controllable elimination of drugs to a certain extent. Here, we review the progress of related fields over the past decade, and provide prospects for possible future development directions.
Highlights
Cancer is regarded as one of the diseases challenged by modern medicine
Spherical nucleic acid (SNA) is a new nanomaterial composed of oligonucleotide chains which can be densely packed and highly oriented in nanoparticle templates, with a head group attached to the nanonucleus and a tail group extending into solution, and the general size is 10–50 nm
We have introduced the unique structure based on DNA, and these structures show unique biological and chemical properties; it is not difficult to see that scientists have realized a high degree of programming of DNA structure design
Summary
Cancer is regarded as one of the diseases challenged by modern medicine. Of note, it is extremely ambitious to develop its specific drugs, we can adopt to optimize the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of less specific drugs, especially the targeted delivery of tumors [1]. Some biological molecular drugs, such as antibodies, microRNA (microRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are degraded by enzymes or it is difficult to penetrate the cell membrane into the cells, greatly reducing their anticancer function; in addition, even adverse side effects and toxicity occurred [2,3,4,5,6] By this token, the safety and accuracy of drug delivery are considerably critical for treating sophisticated and heterogeneous diseases such as cancer. Distinct types of stimulus-responsive nanomaterials harborapplication different application fields This review This is based on the development of DNA nanodevices and, as shown inas.
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