Abstract
This paper describes the role of the insect, which is essential for human survival, but still people are not familiar with widely even some people consider insects no meaning or viewed from the downside. Diversity of epiphytes and insects in the canopy of palm oil plantations in North Sumatra assessed by field observations at five locations, namely, Bukit Sentang, Padang Mandarsyah, Ajamu, Sijambu-jambu, and Aek Pancur. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results obtained by analysis of the biological diversity of insects that affect the quality and quantity of farm products. In natural ecosystems, generally there has been a stable population of pests and their natural enemies so that the presence of insect pests in cropping is no longer harmful. Thereby, the conditions need to be developed so as to reduce the use of pesticides to control pests in field crops, especially in export-oriented and has high economic value.
Highlights
Instability of the agro-ecosystem and increasing of pest infestation is caused by changing in natural ecosystems, making the main crop plantation ecosystem type, so the diversity of micro-habitats to be reduced
Epiphytes overgrown palm only on the top of the stem, while the stem lower part relatively clean of epiphytes. This is in line with the findings [34] that the reduction porofit parts will result in decreased diversity of epiphytes
Possible nutrients and a place to grow palm oil supplied to meet the needs of this plant. This type of relative control of most palm trunks and got rid of the other species that are less resistant. This is in line with the findings [35] that the spikes of the family Polypodiaceae including vascular epiphytes like habitat disturbed, so he can take advantage of anthropogenic disturbance, and it might be better if he lives in a managed environment of the human being in the natural environment
Summary
Instability of the agro-ecosystem and increasing of pest infestation is caused by changing in natural ecosystems, making the main crop plantation ecosystem type (monoculture), so the diversity of micro-habitats to be reduced. Information about epiphytes in oil palm plantations, both in terms of ecology, insects contribution to the canopy and the microclimate created is still small It is necessary for better understanding of the ecology on human modified ecosystems to support the conservation of the landscape level [4]. Flowers certain weeds (mostly Umbelliferae, Leguminosae and Compositae) plays an important role as a source of adult parasitoids feed which can suppress the insect pest population Natural mechanisms such as predatisme, parasitism, pathogenicity, and interspesies intraspesies competition, succession, productivity, stability and biological diversity can be utilized to achieve sustainable agriculture. [15] stated polyculture in annual plants is more supportive of herbivores to a level lower than monocultures, in terms of the dynamics of insects This trend is caused by the stability of the natural enemy population with the availability of food sources and habitat micro continuously.
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