Abstract
Information about livestock carrying methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and mammaliicocci (MRCoNS/MRM) is scarce. The study was designed to gain knowledge of the prevalence, the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and the genetic diversity of MRCoNS/MRM originating from ruminants and New World camelids. In addition, a multi-locus sequence typing scheme for the characterization of Mammaliicoccus (formerly Staphylococcus) sciuri was developed. The study was conducted from April 2014 to January 2017 at the University Clinic for Ruminants and the Institute of Microbiology at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. Seven hundred twenty-three nasal swabs originating from ruminants and New World camelids with and without clinical signs were examined. After isolation, MRCoNS/MRM were identified by MALDI-TOF, rpoB sequencing and typed by DNA microarray-based analysis and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by agar disk diffusion. From all 723 nasal swabs, 189 MRCoNS/MRM were obtained. Members of the Mammaliicoccus (M.) sciuri group were predominant (M. sciuri (n = 130), followed by M. lentus (n = 43), M. fleurettii (n = 11)). In total, 158 out of 189 isolates showed phenotypically a multi-resistance profile. A seven-loci multi-locus sequence typing scheme for M. sciuri was developed. The scheme includes the analysis of internal segments of the house-keeping genes ack, aroE, ftsZ, glpK, gmk, pta1 and tpiA. In total, 28 different sequence types (STs) were identified among 92 selected M. sciuri isolates. ST1 was the most prevalent ST (n = 35), followed by ST 2 (n = 15), ST3 and ST5 (each n = 5), ST4 (n = 3), ST6, ST7, ST8, ST9, ST10 and ST11 (each n = 2).
Highlights
IntroductionThe genus Staphylococcus is the type genus of the family Staph ylococcaceae (Madhaiyan et al, 2020)
Staphylococci and mammaliicocci are a group of Gram-positive cocci
The aims of the present study were: i) to detect the prevalence of different MRCoNS/MRM associated with Austrian ruminants and New World camelids, which were presented to the Clinic for Ruminants at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria; ii) to investigate phenotypic and genotypic resistance of identi fied strains, and iii) to develop a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M. sciuri to analyze the clonal relatedness among isolates
Summary
The genus Staphylococcus is the type genus of the family Staph ylococcaceae (Madhaiyan et al, 2020). Staphylococci and mammaliicocci are considered to be opportunistic pathogens, frequently appearing as colonizers and being able to cause a wide range of severe infections (Nemeghaire et al, 2014a; Lakhundi and Zhang, 2018). S. aureus is a common cause of both, community acquired and nosocomial infections in humans as well as in animals worldwide (Lakhundi and Zhang, 2018). Members of the M. sciuri group are often detected in animals, humans and the environ ment, generally considered harmless, and found in diseased animals (Nemeghaire et al, 2014a; Loncaric et al, 2019b). M. sciuri was isolated from several cases of bovine mastitis, from sick goats, piglets and even from cases of canine dermatitis (Nemeghaire et al, 2014a)
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