Diversity, indigenous uses and conservation prioritization of medicinal plants in Lahaul valley, proposed Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve, India

Abstract

The Cold Desert of India is known for specific topography, severe climate and unique vegetation. The Lahaul valley in Himachal Pradesh, part of a proposed Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve, is rich in medicinal plants, and local people practice the Tibetan System of Medicine. A few studies are available on medicinal plants there are no integrated studies. A total of 354 medicinal plants, belonging to 208 genera and 76 families were recorded. The area ranges in altitude between 2801–3800 m, and shady moist and forested habitats were identified as having the most medicinal plant species. The occurrence of near endemic, endemic, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species indicates high anthropogenic pressure and that the area has high conservation value. Most of these species are commercially viable. An assessment of populations of threatened species using standard ecological methods, and notification of key areas as medicinal plants conservation areas is suggested. Also, mass reproduction for ex situ conservation and to ensure availability of quality planting material for cultivation, together with education and awareness programmes for large-scale cultivation are suggested.