Diversity in Group Work: Using Optimal Theory to Understand Group Process and Dynamics

Abstract

A non-Western, non-Eurocentric perspective is needed to understand culturally diverse groups. The present authors argue that optimal theory provides the needed non-Western lens for a better understanding of group development in groups comprised of culturally diverse members. The Optimal Theory Applied to Identity Development, derived from optimal theory, is applied to Trotzer's stages of group development as a means of assisting group leaders to become more multiculturally/diversity competent. This theory would be useful in understanding the impact of diversity on group process and dynamics in counseling and psychotherapy groups, benefiting clients from diverse backgrounds who might otherwise feel excluded from participating in groups or who might terminate early for reasons related to their multidimensional self-identities.