Abstract
Collection of wheat landraces (WLR) was conducted in Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey in 2010–2014. A representative subset of this collection was used in the current study and included 45 bread wheat landraces from Turkey, 19 from Iran, and 20 from Afghanistan. This material was supplemented by 73 modern cultivars and breeding lines adapted to semiarid conditions and irrigated conditions. Overall, 157 genotypes were tested in Turkey in 2018 and 2019 and in Afghanistan and Iran in 2019 under rainfed conditions to compare performance of WLR and modern material. The germplasm was genotyped using a high density Illumina Infinium 25K wheat SNP array and KASP markers for agronomic traits. The average grain yield ranged between 2.2 and 4.0 t/ha depending on the site and year. Three groups of landraces demonstrated similar average grain yield, though Afghanistan material was slightly higher yielding not only in Afghanistan but also in Turkey. Modern material outyielded the landraces in two environments out of four. The highest yielding landraces were competitive with the best modern germplasm. Frequency of gene Sus2-2B affecting 1000 kernel weight was 64% in WLR and only 3% in modern material. Presence of positive allele of Sus2-2B increased 1000 kernel weight by nearly 4%. Breeding strategy to improved landraces and modern cultivars is discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionWheat is an important crop in Central and West Asia, covering an estimated 20 Mha in diverse agroecological environments [1]
The share of daily calories originating from wheat products reaches 40–50% in countries such as Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan (FAOSTAT)
Wheat landraces have been attracting the attention of researchers for their diversity, expressed in their morphology, patterns of adaptation, and grain quality
Summary
Wheat is an important crop in Central and West Asia, covering an estimated 20 Mha in diverse agroecological environments [1]. The crop is grown both under irrigation and semiarid rainfed conditions with grain yield varying from 2 to 6 t/ha. The region is characterized by exceptionally high consumption of bread and other wheat products. The share of daily calories originating from wheat products reaches 40–50% in countries such as Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan (FAOSTAT).
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