Diversified impact of carbon nanotubes on the flow of micropolar nanofluid over a permeable expanding/contracting surface with thermal radiation

Abstract

This investigation on micropolar nanofluid flow has garnered significant attention due to its potential applications in various engineering fields. Therefore, exploration on the diversified impact of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the flow properties of a micropolar nanofluid through a permeable expanding/contracting surface embedding in a permeable medium with thermal radiation is studied. Moreover, the inclusion of magnetic field enriches the flow properties significantly. The governing equations, which include the conservation of mass, momentum, angular momentum, and energy, are distorted into a set of nonlinear partial differential equations using proper similarity rules. The subsequent equations are then handled numerically by employing shooting based Runge–Kutta fourth-order technique. The effects of various influential parameters, such as the permeability parameter, expansion/contraction ratio, radiation parameter, CNT volume fraction, and the Prandtl number, are investigated. The results reveal that the presence of CNTs significantly alters the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the micropolar nanofluid. The temperature and velocity profiles exhibit nonlinear behavior due to the combined influences of thermal radiation, permeability, and CNT volume fraction.