Boundary layer flow of micropolar nanofluid towards a permeable stretching sheet in the presence of porous medium with thermal radiation and viscous dissipation

Abstract

Nanofluids are a novel new generation of fluids to improve the heat transfer capabilities of conventional heat transfer fluids. The thermo–physical properties of these fluids are very classic in comparison to common fluids. However, one of the most crucial drawbacks for classical nanofluid models is that they cannot describe a class of fluids that have certain microscopic characteristics arising from the micro–rotation and local structure of the fluid elements. In the present study, a numerical investigation has been carried out to discuss the laminar two–dimensional heat transfer flow of micropolar nanofluid through a porous medium over a stretching sheet with viscous dissipation and thermal radiation containing copper (Cu) nanoparticles and water is considered as a base fluid. The mathematical model has been formulated based on Tiwari–Das nanofluid model. The basic equations are transmitted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation, and then the numerical solution is evaluated by using the Runge–Kutta fourth–order procedure. The relevant results of velocity, angular velocity and temperature are shown visually and discussed quantitatively in detail. The micro–rotation parameter enhances the velocity and temperature of the fluid. The boundary parameter declines the velocity but shows the reverse effects for angular velocity. The suction parameter decreases the velocity, but the reverse impacts are seen for the injection parameter. The graphical outcomes also show that the momentum boundary layer thickness increases with the values of volume fraction and porosity. The temperature is growing due to enhancing the Eckert number and radiation parameter.