Diversification of Production Technology in Cultivation, Providing an Increase in Crop Yield

Abstract

The article presents the results of research conducted in the Absheron Experimental Farm in 2018–2020. with the aim of developing an effective crop rotation scheme to increase yields from one plot based on diversification of production technology in cultivation. During the study, the number of weeds in the fields was determined (crop rotation and continuous cropping). As a result of cultivation, their number decreased significantly at the end of the growing season. Despite the same cultivation of crops, the number of weeds in the rotation per square meter was less than in the case of continuous cropping. According to the results of the study, depending on the crops, the number of root residues at a depth of 0–40 cm of plants varied on average over three years. During crop rotation, soybean residues per hectare were determined as 2.95 tons, winter wheat — 4.38 tons, maize — 5.65 tons, which, with continuous cropping per hectare, was 0.12 tons higher for soybeans, and 0.18 tons for winter wheat and for maize by 0.31 t. Different results were also obtained regarding the impact of diversification on crop yields as a key agrotechnical factor. According to the average indicators of research, the yield of soybeans in a crop rotation increased by 0.20 tons, wheat by 0.47 tons and corn by 0.41 tons per hectare compared to continuous cropping. In addition to the agronomic indicators analyzed by us, the study and study of their economic efficiency is also of economic importance. Depending on the crops, the profit per hectare of soybeans is 1162.9–1002.9 manats, winter wheat — 826.8–638.8 manats, maize — 2353.6–2143.6 manats, the profitability level is 121.5–104, 8%, 104.8–80.9% and 220.7–201.0%, respectively.