Abstract
Since the first Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI) implementation in 2009, most of the performance studies developed for this type of interchange have been based on simulations and historical crash data, with a small number of studies using Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPM). Simulation models require considerable effort to collect volumes and to model actual controller operations. Safety studies based on historical crashes usually require from 3 to 5 years of data collection. ATSPMs rely on sensing equipment. This study describes the use of connected vehicle trajectory data to analyze the performance of a DDI located in the metropolitan area of Fort Wayne, IN. An extension of the Purdue Probe Diagram (PPD) is proposed to assess the levels of delay, progression, and saturation. Further, an additional PPD variation is presented that provides a convenient visualization to qualitatively understand progression patterns and to evaluate queue length for spillback in the critical interior crossover. Over 7000 trajectories and 130,000 GPS points were analyzed between the 7th and the 11th of June 2021 from 5:00 AM to 10:00 PM to estimate the DDI’s arrivals on green, level of service, split failures, and downstream blockage. Although this technique was demonstrated for weekdays, the ubiquity of connected vehicle data makes it very easy to adapt these techniques to analysis during special events, winter storms, and weekends. Furthermore, the methodologies presented in this paper can be applied by any agency wanting to assess the performance of any DDI in their jurisdiction.
Highlights
Study Location and Time Period To demonstrate the trajectory-based performance measures techniques presented in this study, I-69 at E Dupont Rd, a Diamond Interchange (DDI) located in Fort Wayne IN, was analyzed from the 7th to the 11th of June, 2021 (Figure 1)
By linear-referencing trajectories of vehicles traveling through both crossover areas in a DDI relative to the far side of the downstream intersection, and by color-coding each upstream trajectory segment based on the number of stops by traffic signal, the Diverging Diamond Interchange Purdue Probe Diagram (DDI PPD) can be plotted
This study presented new techniques to assess the performance of Diverging Diamond Interchanges based on connected vehicle (CV) trajectory data with a 3-second reporting interval
Summary
Built in the United States with the objective of reducing construction costs, improving safety, and enhancing traffic operations. A DDI differs from a Conventional Diamond Interchange (CDI) [1] in that it implements directional crossovers on each end of the crossing street. By switching through movements to the left side of the road within the interchange, conflicts between left-turning vehicles and opposing through traffic from the crossing street are eliminated [2] [3]. Many DDIs have been built around the country, most of the performance analyses have been conducted with simulation models.
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