Abstract
The reported biological effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) in soils range from toxic to protective. However, divergences of nCeO2 toxicity in soils of different textures are not known. In this study, the availability of nCeO2 on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in sandy loam soils and clay soils was discussed, and the biological effects of nCeO2 (0-1000 mg/kg) on earthworms in two soils were investigated. The results showed the bioaccumulation and biological effects of Ce on earthworms in the two soils were inconsistent. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction revealed that the major portions of Ce in both soils were in the residual form (98-99%), and the acid-soluble Ce fraction was greater in clay soils. However, nCeO2 was more toxic to earthworms in sandy loam soils than that in clay soils as assessed by earthworm biomass, morphology, and antioxidative damage. Thus, the high ecological risk of nCeO2 in sandy loam soils with higher pH and lower clay contents needs to be avoided, being used in agriculture to improve both crop yield and quality.
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