Divergent circulatory effects of betaxolol in conscious and anesthetized normal and portal hypertensive rats

Abstract

We aimed to define the circulatory effects of β 1-blockade in conscious normal and portal hypertensive rats and determine if pentobarbital anesthesia affected these responses. A selective β 1-antagonist, betaxolol, was given to four groups: conscious and anesthetized sham-operated and portal hypertensive rats. Cardiac output and splanchnic organ blood flows were measured by radioactive microspheres twice in each rat, before and 15 min after betaxolol. Both groups of conscious rats maintained mean arterial pressure despite significant decreases in cardiac output and heart rate, by increasing total peripheral resistance. Anesthetized rats were unable to do this and thus also diminished arterial pressure significantly, with portal hypertensive rats showing greater decreases than sham-operated rats. Portal tributary flow and portal pressure decreased only in the anesthetized rats. Autoregulation of splanchnic blood flow was not uniform between groups or organs: although splenic flow decreased in all four groups, intestinal blood flow decreased only in anesthetized portal hypertensive rats. The greatest decreases in several splanchnic organ blood flows were seen in this latter group. These results indicate that: (i) pentobarbital markedly changes systemic and splanchnic responses to β 1-blockade; (ii) splanchnic autoregulation is not uniform — the intestinal circulation enjoys more protection than the splenic; and (iii) portal hypertensive rats seem to be more vulnerable to the circulatory effects of β 1-blockade.