Abstract
Escherichia coli are known pathogenic organism that has caused diseases which has led to severe morbidity and increased death rate. The occurrence of extended spectrum beta Lactamase (bla) producing Escherichia coli has been on the rise. Water samples were investigated as a potential reservoir for the Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase (ESBL) - producing E. coli using phenotypic (culture-based) and molecular methods. Double disc synergy test was determined between a disc of amoxicillin-clavulanate (20μg/10μg) (augmentin) and a 30-μg disc of each thirdgeneration cephalosporin antibiotic placed at a distance of 20 mm from centre to centre on a Mueller-Hinton Agar plate streaked with the isolate. An isolate was considered to be ESBL negative if there was no enhancement between any of the cephalosporin and the clavulanate-containing discs and were then subjected to specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Eighty-four environmental E. coli was isolated. 58(69.04%) showed positivity for ESBL production. E. coli isolates positive for ESBL-production selected and subjected to plasmid curing were all plasmid mediated. 16 isolates subjected to PCR to identify the presence of blaSHV (Sulphydryl Variable), blaTEM (Temoneira) and blaCTX-M (Cefotaximase) genes revealed that 11(68.7%) of these had at least one ESBL gene (either blaCTX-M or blaTEM, or both), 5(31.3%) isolates do not have any of the three ESBL genes, and blaSHV was not detected in any of the isolates. The results of this study indicate the widespread prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli. Therefore, beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors should be prescribed based on an antibacterial susceptibility test.Keywords: WATER, E. coli, ESBL, DDST, PLASMID CURING and ASA RIVER
Highlights
The spread of genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among Enterobacteriaceae is alarming globally and is of significant public health concern (NORM, 2010)
The global occurrence of antibiotic resistance of E. coli in water is of increasing concern; this informed the need to assess the impact of pollution on Asa river segments and evaluate the effectiveness of augmentation of clavulanate with Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Aztreonam and Ceftriaxone in detecting ESBL production in the E. coli isolates
Double Disc Synergy Test / DDST: The double disc detection test was done by determining the synergy between a disc of amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC30) and a 30-μg disc of each third-generation cephalosporin test antibiotic placed at a distance of 20 mm from centre to centre on a Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) plate inoculated with the test isolate
Summary
The spread of genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among Enterobacteriaceae is alarming globally and is of significant public health concern (NORM, 2010). Enterobacteriaceae can be disseminated in humans through contaminated food or water (Zhang et al., 2015) and capable of inactivating extended-spectrum cephalosporin. Escherichia coli is the most widespread pathogenic organism among Enterobacteriaceae in human diseases and causes serious and common infections such as septicemia and urinary tract infection (UTI) (NORM, 2010). It is the most commonly occurring ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae, which are inhabitants of gastrointestinal tract and important pathogens in nosocomial and in the environment (Song et al, 2011; Tenaillon et al, 2010). This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of genes coding for ESBL-production in E. coli isolated from Asa River in Ilorin, Nigeria
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