Distribution of productivity elements in different morphotypes of pea plants

Abstract

The research was carried out in 2021–2023 in order to identify patterns in the formation of quantitative indicators of the main elements of productivity in seeded peas of various morphotypes to increase the efficiency of breeding. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone in the south–west of the Sverdlovsk region on gray forest soils according to the predecessor – wheat in a ten-field crop rotation. The material for the study was 24 varieties of baleen, leafy morphotype and «chameleons». The standard in the group of whiskered was Krasnoufimskyj 11, leafy – Marafon, chameleons – Spartak. The repetition is threefold. As a result of studying the pea collection, it was found that the studied groups of varieties had the highest productivity in whiskered forms of peas, thanks to such varieties as Ybilyar (282.2 g/ m2), Ryzhik (277.2 g/m2), KM 11 BK 22 (262.3 g/m2) and Tomas (261.3 g/m2). The largest number of beans on the plant were leafy forms of peas: Holik – 5.3 pcs.; Krasnoufimskyj 70–3.7 pcs.; 54 % of cultivars (13 pcs.) have the number of beans on the plant 2.7–3.3 pcs. According to the largest number of seeds in a bean, the leading position is occupied by cultivars of the whiskered morphotype and «chameleons» (14 varieties each – 3.4–4.3 pcs.). The leafy varieties have only 8 varieties with the maximum number of seeds in a bean (3.6–3.9 pcs.). There is a more uniform spread in this indicator among the whiskered cultivars. The weight of 1000 seeds in the studied cultivars of the whiskered morphotype and «chameleons» (220–250 g) was lower than in leafy varieties (250–300 g). Seeds of medium size (171–220 g) were found in 17 whiskered (71 %), 16 leafy (67 %) and 8 «chameleons» (33 %). The largest mass of seeds from one plant in the leafy morphotype is in the Tyumenskij kormovoj variety (3.0 g). In Chameleons, 58 % of cultivars (14 pcs.) have a plant productivity of 2.0 to 2.5 g. For effective breeding, it is necessary to use varieties of various morphotypes with the best biometric indicators in crosses and to focus on the selection of offspring for the morphotype of «mustachioed» peas with the best technological cultivation in the region.