Abstract
Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants. Most are highly valued for their role in wide array of ailments such as anti-malarial, anti-cancerous, analgesics, and many more. In lights of tremendous interest in recent years on the chemistry and pharmacological properties of alkaloids, comprehensive data have been collected. Forest industries have recently started to develop sustainable ways to increase the value of its residues including the extraction and commercialization of high-valued plant natural compounds such as alkaloids. This review presents the distribution of alkaloids among woody plants (trees and shrubs).
Highlights
Morphine, cocaine, quinine, nicotine, caffeine and strychnine are all high-value plant natural compounds (PNC) derived from the specialized metabolism
Cocaine, quinine, nicotine, caffeine and strychnine are all high-value plant natural compounds (PNC) derived from the specialized metabolism. These alkaloids are known for their biological activity including analgesic, antimicrobial, stimulant, anti-cancer and even poison depending of the dose used
Most alkaloids characterized to date originate from herbaceous plants and information on alkaloids from woody trees or shrubs are scarce
Summary
Cocaine, quinine, nicotine, caffeine and strychnine are all high-value plant natural compounds (PNC) derived from the specialized (aka secondary) metabolism These alkaloids are known for their biological activity including analgesic, antimicrobial, stimulant, anti-cancer and even poison depending of the dose used. Many alkaloids and alkaloid-producing plants are used for the treatment of various ailments Plant specialized metabolites such as alkaloids have limited distribution compared to primary metabolites because all secondary biogenetic pathways are not operational in all species or tissues and can terminate at different stages. These metabolites can be characteristic of a family, a genus, species, or even cultivars of the same species. The alkaloid profiles of opium poppy extracts differ among various cultivars [4]
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