A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Alkaloids: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

Abstract

Plant alkaloids are a broad range of chemical entities that make up one of the biggest classes of natural goods. Even though man has used alkaloids-containing plants for at least 3000 years as medicines, teas, and potions, the chemicals implicated for their action were not determined till the 19th century. Alkaloids' essential nature causes them to form salts when mixed with alkaline solutions or organic acids. Except in extraordinary circumstances, alkaloids salts are generally soluble in water and dilute alcohols, but not in organic solvents. They are classified using a variety of markers, such as natural origins or chemical composition. The distribution of alkaloids according to their primary structure, the major C-N skeleton, is the most correct and frequent categorization. Alkaloids, which are compounds isolated from natural sources, exhibit promising pharmacological activity, including pharmacological activity for the curing of neurogenerative illnesses like vascular dementia, which currently treated with a variety of medications. As a result, the article focuses on the technological prospecting of alkaloids with important properties for curing the illness, such as antioxidant, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiemetic, antifungal, antihyperlipedemic, antihypoglycemic, muscle relaxant, antiulcer, antitussive, expectorant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, immunosuppressant, antidepressant.