Abstract
With the popularization of electric vehicles, free charging behaviors of electric vehicle owners can lead to uncertainty about charging in both time and space. A time-spatial dispatching strategy for the distribution network guided by electric vehicle charging fees is proposed in this paper, which aims to solve the network congestion problem caused by the unrestrained and free charging behaviors of large numbers of electric vehicles. In this strategy, congestion severity of different lines is analyzed and the relationship between the congested lines and the charging stations is clarified. A price elastic matrix is introduced to reflect the degree of owners’ response to the charging prices. A pricing scheme for optimal real-time charging fees for multiple charging stations is designed according to the congestion severity of the lines and the charging power of the related charging stations. Charging price at different charging station at different time is different, it can influence the charging behaviors of vehicle owners. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed congestion dispatching strategy considers the earnings of the operators, charging cost to the owners and the satisfaction of the owners. Moreover, the strategy can influence owners to make judicious charging plans that help to solve congestion problems in the network and improve the safety and economy of the power grid.
Highlights
The distribution network is managed by the dispatching agency directly [1]
A time-spatial dispatching model for the distribution network guided by charging fees for electric vehicles is proposed in this paper to solve congestion problems in the distribution network
The elastic coefficient matrix between the charging fees changing rate and charging power changing rate can fully account for the response of car owners to the dispatching strategy
Summary
The distribution network is managed by the dispatching agency directly [1]. Towards distribution network’s own structural characteristics [2,3], network capacity is sufficient to meet the power demand of distribution network and congestion does not occur [3]. Load demand is reduced to solve congestion in the distribution network. The dispatching agency and electric vehicle owners are the market participants. Because the line transmission capacity is the constraint, the dispatching agency adjusts the charging plan of the owners to solve congestion problem in the distribution network. By adjusting the charging fees [16] or using the optimal power flow method to determine the congestion price [17], operators can adjust and coordinate electric vehicle loads based on charging fees or congestion price. The load of electric vehicles at congested periods can be transferred to non-congested periods In this way, congestion problems in the distribution network can be solved and owners’ charging cost can be reduced. The congestion problem in the distribution network is solved while the benefits to both car owners and operators are taken into consideration
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