Abstract
背景与目的本研究旨在探索细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原(cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4, CTLA-4)、程序坏死因子(programmed death 1, PD-1)和程序坏死因子配体(programmed death ligand 1, PD-L1)在小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)患者外周血中的分布情况,探索其免疫作用机制并评估其作为生物标志物的临床价值。方法招募290例SCLC患者及60例健康志愿者,收集治疗前和治疗2nd周期末SCLC患者EDTA抗凝血2 mL。应用流式细胞仪检测CTLA-4、PD-1和PD-L1在外周血CD3、CD4、CD8及CD25的分布,分析其与临床病理特征的相关性;采用细胞免疫化学法和流式细胞法检测PD-L1在SCLC细胞系H446中的表达。结果SCLC患者外周血中CTLA-4+细胞和PD-1+细胞水平分别为(1.56±1.24)%和(8.07±3.97)%、CTLA-4在CD3细胞和CD4细胞中的表达水平无明显差异,分别为(4.87±5.18)%和(3.85±2.60)%,均低于PD-1在CD3+或CD4+细胞中的表达(26.63±9.04)%和(20.79±9.41)%,与健康对照组相比,SCLC中CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+细胞水平明显升高(1.91±1.27)% vs(7.09±5.09)%,P < 0.001;PD-1+(CD8+)细胞表达水平明显降低,分别为(22.56±4.21)% vs(11.47±5.85)%,P < 0.001。CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+细胞或CD8+PD-1+细胞水平与患者的年龄、性别、吸烟状况、临床分期以及是否转移等因素无关(P > 0.05)。化疗两周期末CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+和CD8+PD-1+细胞的水平对比化疗前明显下降,分别为(5.11±2.60)% vs(6.94±4.91)%;(8.74±3.39)% vs(11.48±5.91)%,P值均 < 0.000, 1,但与无疾病进展生存和总生存无显著相关性。PD-L1高表达于SCLC细胞系H446中并定位在细胞膜和细胞浆,但在外周血中未见表达。结论本研究首次证实SCLC外周血中CTLA4高表达于调节性T细胞中,而PD-1低表达于效应性T细胞,该结果为揭示SCLC免疫监测点免疫逃逸机制提供了理论依据,可能作为一种新的无创性且可实时监测的生物标志物。
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