Abstract
The goal of the research is to identify the most productive and environmentally sustainable varieties of pear in the conditions of the Central Black Earth region of Russia. The research was carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Oryol Oblast on leached black earth. The average humus content in the arable layer was 6.0–6.5%, phosphorus – 21–27 mg/100g, potassium – 12–15 mg/100 g. Soil acidity was 5.7–6.1. The thickness of the humus horizon was 40–75 cm. The degree of saturation of the bases was within 91%. Climate in the region is moderate-continental, heat is sufficient for the normal growth and development of fruit plants. The trees were planted in 2004; the scheme of planting was 6x4 m. The stock was seedlings of common pear. Accounting was conducted using the “Program and method of studying fruit, berry and nut crop varieties” (Oryol, 1999). The varieties Pamiati Yakovleva and Annushka are characterized by a restrained growth force – 3.5–3.8 m. In the natural climatic conditions of the Oryol Oblast, the Annushka and Velesa varieties are considered hardy, the Rossoshanskaya krupnaya and Svetlyanka – medium-hardy. Varieties Annushka and Velesa are quite resistant to the pathogens of scab, brown and white spotting – the average score for damage to fruits and leaves did not exceed 1.5. On average, for 3 years the yield of the Rossoshanskaya krupnaya pear variety was at the level of the zoned control variety Pamiati Yakovleva. Yields were 112.2 and 108.3 centners per hectare, respectively. The yield of the Annushka variety was 7.5 centners per hectare, or 6.7% higher than that of the control variety.
Highlights
Gardening is the most important branch of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation and many other countries
The Annushka pear variety in the natural climatic conditions of the Orlov region during the years of research produced stable yields at the level and above the control zoned variety Pamiati Yakovleva, with the yields of Rossoshanskaya krupnaya being at the level of the control variety
Summary
Gardening is the most important branch of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation and many other countries. The program "Revival of Horticulture of Russia" developed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Russian Academy of Agriculture, aims to expand the area under perennial plantings to 1.5 million hectares in the coming years, and to bring the production of fruits and berries to 10.6 million tons. As a fruit breed, is known since prehistoric times and grows in a variety of areas of the world. The spread of pear trees is second only to apple trees [14, 15]. This is due to the shortcomings of the existing varieties – significant susceptibility to scab, tall trees and late entry into the fruiting stage. Organoleptic qualities of its dessert varieties are much better than
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