Abstract
This article describes a model used to establish the probability of a collision between a vehicle and animals on roads. Analysis of data obtained from measurements provided by automatic radar enabled us to find general relationships which determine the distribution of time gaps between vehicles in traffic flow. These results were applied (with other applications) to assessments of the impact of traffic on wildlife. These simplified models have demonstrated the road barrier effect, with a certain traffic intensity, on the wildlife.
Highlights
The so-called barrier effect of roads, which is associated with the mortality level of animals, depends on a wide range of factors, which may themselves be divided into factors/elements relevant to animals and factors relevant to the road itself
Traffic flow is a sequence of vehicles moving in one lanes in one direction
Inclusion of other vehicles into the traffic flow – this is used for example at intersections – the theory defining distances between vehicles at intersections is used to determine the actual capacity of a particular intersection;
Summary
Traffic flow is a sequence of vehicles moving in one (or more) lanes in one direction. Poisson model requirements of use (the so-called Adams-Kinzer criteria): Vehicles in traffic flow maintain various distances between them. If we do not expect the occurrence of a vehicle within the interval (x = 0), but we are looking for the occurrence of a certain distance (or rather longer than t seconds), the probability (1) has the following form: P( X = 0) = e−λ (3). This changes the original discrete probabilistic division to a continuous division (negativeexponential) – the time gap is a continuous phenomenon.
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