Abstract
This article reviews evidence concerning the cornerstone dissipation scaling of turbulence theory: [Formula: see text], with Cϵ=const., ϵ the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] an integral length scale characterizing the energy-containing turbulent eddies. This scaling is intimately linked to the Richardson-Kolmogorov equilibrium cascade. Accumulating evidence shows that a significant nonequilibrium region exists in various turbulent flows in which the energy spectrum has Kolmogorov's −5/3 wave-number scaling over a wide wave-number range, yet Cϵ∼RemI/RenL, with m≈1≈n, ReI a global/inlet Reynolds number, and ReL a local turbulence Reynolds number.
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