Abstract
Excellent piezoelectric properties can be obtained near the polymorphic phase transition (PPT) region in (K, Na)NbO3 based piezoceramics. The enhanced piezoelectric properties resulted from the 18-fold spontaneous polarization directions caused by the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases. In this study, the various polarization directions derived from frequently changing Ta-O bonds in Li-, Ta-, and Sb-modified (K, Na)NbO3 ceramic were directly observed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure. More than three peaks were observed and represented the nearest neighbor Ta-O bonds because of the coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases as well as Ta displacements along the [001]c and [110]c directions. Hence, the domains rotated easily and responded actively to an external electric or force field. Large Pr and optimized piezoelectric properties were obtained near the PPT region.
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