Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is susceptible to diseases caused by numerous soilborne pathogens. In the southwestern United States pathogens including Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-4, Sclerotinia minor Jagger and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and Verticillium dahliae Kleb. routinely affect peanut yield. This region has an arid climate and peanut development is generally later than in other peanut production areas, hence the time plants are exposed to pathogens is increased. These pathogens cause similar symptoms in the field; therefore, proper diagnosis is needed so that the appropriate management strategies can be implemented.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop worldwide
Peanut production in the United States is concentrated in the southeast and portions of the southwest
Diseases caused by soilborne pathogens especially pose a threat to peanut production due to the similarity of symptoms, which leads to problems in diagnosis
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop worldwide. Peanut plants are approximately 15– 60 cm tall and produce pinnate leaves with two opposing pairs of leaflets 2–5 cm long [1]. Arachis hypogaea is cultivated worldwide, with the United States being the world’s third largest producer. Peanut production in the United States is concentrated in the southeast and portions of the southwest. Peanut production is concentrated in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, with Texas being the second largest peanut producing state in the United States, producing nearly 180 million kilograms in 2010 [4]. Diseases caused by soilborne pathogens especially pose a threat to peanut production due to the similarity of symptoms, which leads to problems in diagnosis. Peanut is susceptible to losses incited by soilborne pathogens due to the close association of the pods with the soil. Several soilborne pathogens that affect peanut are important to the Southwest United States, including Botrytis cinerea, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Verticillium dahliae
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