DISEASES INCIDENCE AND FUNGICIDE COST REDUCTION WITH OVERHEAD COVERED GRAPES

Marcus André Kurtz Almança,Sabrina Lerin,Natália Sartori Frighetto,Júlio César Tonello

doi:10.1590/0100-29452017020

Marcus André Kurtz Almança, Sabrina Lerin + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452017020

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Abstract

ABSTRACT An alternative to control diseases on the grapevine is the use of plastic overhead cover. The cost of developing a vineyard is a relevant factor in the use of plastic overhead cover and will be directly linked to the cost of pest control. The aim of this study was to establish criteria for the use of fungicides in vine plants with plastic overhead cover compared to conventional farming in order to reduce the number and cost of application. The experiment was conducted in the 2010/2011 crop year in Viamão - RS, using the Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar grafted on Paulsen 1103 in “Y Shape” trained, with 1.80 x 2.50 m spacing. The following treatments were evaluated: Treatment 1: plastic overhead cover: phytosanitary treatment applied when leaf wetting was observed; Treatment 2: plastic overhead cover: curative treatment, when there were symptoms of disease in shoots; Treatment 3: plastic overhead cover: conventional calendar treatment every 15 days, with reapplication after leaf wetting and Treatment 4: without plastic overhead cover: conventional calendar treatment every 15 days, with reapplication after leaf wetting. The lowest number of applications was observed in treatment where the criteria for fungicide applications was only when symptoms were visualized and the greater number of applications was in the area without plastic overhead cover with conventional treatment, affecting the application cost, but without reflecting in higher productivity. The highest incidence of downy mildew was observed in treatment 4. It was concluded that it is possible to reduce the number of applications and the fungicide cost for disease control using plastic overhead cover. Moreover, this management may provide less contact with chemicals during crop and reduce chemical wastes in the environment and in the harvested product.

Highlights

The cultivation of vines in Brazil occupies approximately 83.7 thousand hectares and Rio Grande do Sul is the Brazilian state with the largest wine production
The main strategy used to control shoot diseases in grapevines is the use of fungicides and up to 14 sprays are usually carried out in opengrown Vitis vinifera grapes (FREIRE et al, 1992) and from eight to ten applications are made for the control of downy mildew (MENDES, 2002)
There are regions of Brazil, as in the State of Paraná, where up to 60 sprays are made in Vitis vinifera grapes (CHAVARRIA et al, 2009)

Summary

Introduction

The cultivation of vines in Brazil occupies approximately 83.7 thousand hectares and Rio Grande do Sul is the Brazilian state with the largest wine production. In 2014, wine companies in Rio Grande do Sul processed 606.1 million kilograms, approximately 89.11% of this amount of American and hybrid grapes (IBRAVIN, 2015). The main strategy used to control shoot diseases in grapevines is the use of fungicides and up to 14 sprays are usually carried out in opengrown Vitis vinifera grapes (FREIRE et al, 1992) and from eight to ten applications are made for the control of downy mildew (MENDES, 2002). There are regions of Brazil, as in the State of Paraná, where up to 60 sprays are made in Vitis vinifera grapes (CHAVARRIA et al, 2009). Chemical control is carried out on the basis of a calendar with weekly applications, which may lead to unnecessary applications (CHAVARRIA et al, 2007a) and to the selection of resistant genotypes, such as the resistance of Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola in Italy (ANGELINI et al, 2014; TOFFOLATTI et al, 2015)

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