Abstract
A mathematical model of river hydrodynamics with cascade reservoirs and pollutant has been established and verified by using analytic solutions of partial differential equation for transportation and diffusion. Ten dispatch schedules of single or multi- reservoirs have been set up and executed according to that a pollution accident occurred upstream or downstream to a reservoir. It shows that which dispatch schedule should be selected was decided by sensitive factors of a target river segment downstream. A dispatch model of large flux with short time duration by utilizing a reservoir nearest to the segment was more appropriate for which was more sensitive to concentration than other factors, while a model of appropriate flux discharge with long time duration was more suitable for those being more sensitive to extra concentration retention of pollutants. Compared with a single reservoir dispatch, multi-reservoirs have larger effective storage capacity to reduce the loss by a sudden water pollution accident better by supplement water step by step from upstream to downstream.
Highlights
As the rapid development of economy and society with industrial layout and transfer, the risk of sudden water pollution accident rise quickly year by year, while ecology disaster would be triggered and serious negative effect on water environment occurred under inadequate response for its uncertainty, high harmfulness, hard to deal with, and urgency[1], such as the total leakage of 33.6t crude phenol solution into the Sanhe River in the upper Youjiang river system caused by a traffic accident in Fu Ning County, Wenshan, Yunnan Province on June 7, 2008[2], water pollution[3] occurred in Tingjiang river by Zijin Mining in August 2010 and the illegal dumping accident of the chromium slag[4] in Qujing, Yunnan in August 2011 and so on
(3)When cascade reservoirs more than one in a river would be put in use in a joint schedule: 1) if an accident occurred downstream to all the reservoirs and a target river segment was more sensitive to pollutant concentration, that one closest to the pollution source was advised to be dispatched firstly as soon as possible to reduce concentration rapidly, while others could be used to supplement one by one from upstream to downstream; if a river segment downstream was more sensitive to concentration durations, distances from the pollution source to reservoirs should be taken into account to decide which one was more suitable for the schedule
If the segment was far away from the reservoir and the source, the range of pollution mass should be decreased to the full by dilution of flux discharged by cascade reservoir available storages before it reached it, or a stable and suitable flux could be maintained by cascade reservoirs as long as possible to control the volume of pollution mass caused by diffusion of shearing and discretion and pushed off the target segment rapidly
Summary
As the rapid development of economy and society with industrial layout and transfer, the risk of sudden water pollution accident rise quickly year by year, while ecology disaster would be triggered and serious negative effect on water environment occurred under inadequate response for its uncertainty, high harmfulness, hard to deal with, and urgency[1], such as the total leakage of 33.6t crude phenol solution into the Sanhe River in the upper Youjiang river system caused by a traffic accident in Fu Ning County, Wenshan, Yunnan Province on June 7, 2008[2], water pollution[3] occurred in Tingjiang river by Zijin Mining in August 2010 and the illegal dumping accident of the chromium slag[4] in Qujing, Yunnan in August 2011 and so on. Effects of three kinds of emergency measures of water diversion to deal with the fuel leakage accident at the Wujing wharf in the lower Yangzi river have been evaluated through the establishment of a two-dimensional model by Kuang, et al[7]. Su[8] drew up different emergency water diversion schemes for the possible locations of sudden water pollution accidents along the coast based on rivers and water conservancy projects in Chongzuo city. The effects of pollution diffusion in Thai Lake by discharging nine different fluxes from Taipu sluices of water conservancy project hub in Wangyu river have been analyzed by Kuang, et al[9]. The two stages of shear diffusion and attenuation by dilution for contaminants water mass movement in a sudden water pollution accident in the middle reaches of Xijiang River have been proposed by Fang S. A mathematical model of hydrodynamic and pollutant transport and diffusion in a long-distance river with cascade reservoirs has been established for simulating single or cascade reservoir joint dispatching schemes to explore a rational dispatch pattern under a sudden water pollution accident
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