Discussion on heating strategies in winter of residential buildings in Shanghai aiming at ultra-low energy target

Abstract

Ultra-low-energy buildings in China are still in the early stage of development. In the guide documents of the 13th plan of five-year national development published by Science and Technology Ministry, an energy consumption limit of 15kWh/m2 for heating, cooling and ventilation throughout the year was pointed out for residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter region. In this paper, current situation of winter heating in Shanghai was investigated, including analysis of heating energy consumption of more than 40,000 households, a large number of questionnaires about heating status, and the actual indoor heating environment monitoring. This paper also investigated the indoor ventilation environment under real living conditions, taking a typical residence in Shanghai as the research subject via continuous field measurements. The indoor CO2 concentration, air temperature and relative humidity were monitored and two behavior-related parameters, the electricity consumption of air conditioner and the open/closed state of the window/door were recorded from summer to spring. Based on the investigation, the questionnaires and the monitored data for winter heating, heating strategies in winter for residential buildings in Shanghai will be discussed, from the perspective of gap analysis.