Discussion aspects of combating corruption in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine

Abstract

Modern Ukraine has become a training ground for various social experiments. Therefore, it is not difficult to find different types of models for fighting corruption in its history. Turning to the comprehensible historical period in modern Ukraine and the former USSR, several such conceptual models can be distinguished.
 The totalitarian model of the fight against corruption involves comprehensive control by the state over the behavior of officials and a tough response to any deviations from accepted norms (written and unwritten) that they have allowed. This model was mostly implemented in the era of „Stalinism”.
 To combat corruption, human rights are violated, as totalitarianism is fundamentally incompatible with their observance.
 However, such a model also has positive features: it ensures a close correlation between the level of authority of an official and the degree of responsibility. The risk of being prosecuted and punished increases for individuals who are closer to the top of power - the closer to the top, the greater the risk. In other words, the principle of implementation of responsibility works: „from top to bottom”, which is an ideal means of optimizing any social system.
 The authoritarian model of combating corruption has its own fundamental feature - the implementation of responsibility is selective, according to the attitudes of the „leader”. For a long time, such persons were representatives of the party elite. This model was typical during the reigns of Khrushchev and Brezhnev.
 It is worth mentioning two more features inherent in the authoritarian model: firstly, the rise of an official to a certain level of authority actually provides legal immunity, secondly, money in this model plays a secondary role or has no importance at all.
 The considered model of combating corruption motivates the desire to get into power structures for reasons of personal safety and impunity; therefore, the processes of power degradation and its successive corruption are embedded in it.
 The liberal model of fighting corruption means complete irresponsibility, impunity and permissiveness. Such circumstances occur in periods of revolutionary upheavals, when the new government has not yet mastered the functions of management or deliberately initiates destructive processes. The historical periods of the existence of this model are the time of the Provisional Government, reforms are actively taking place.