Abstract
Several aspects of the discretization of stress fields, as opposed to displacement fields, are reviewed. The most classical satisfies rigorous equilibrium, both translational and rotational, in the interior domain of each element and reciprocity of surface tractions at interelement boundaries (strong diffusivity). The difficulties associated with kinematical deformation modes are analysed and resolved by different procedures: the composite element technique; quasi-diffusivity controlled by the dual patch test; discretization of the displacement connectors, or hybridation; discretization of rotational equilibrium. This last and recent approach is discussed in some detail. It involves direct or indirect use of first-order stress functions, whose C o continuity is sufficient for strong diffusivity. One of its advantages is the possibility of curving the boundaries by a geometric isoparametric coordinate transformation. Some numerical convergence tests are presented.
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