Discrepancies between published piano scores and composers' recorded performance—Data obtained by a computerized FFT transcribing device

Abstract

The differences between published piano scores and recordings of the same music performed by its composers are presented. In order to demonstrate objectively such discrepancies, recorded performances of Debussy, Rachmaninoff, and Gershwin were transcribed by a personal computer (NEC-9801) using the fast Fourier transform. In order to verify the findings, the data obtained from Debussy's “La plus que lente” was reproduced on an electronic piano via a computer. The most outstanding differences ascertained were as follows. (1) Notes not written were played. (2) Notes written were omitted. (3) Notes to be played simultaneously were played separately. (4) Tempo and rhythm differed from those indicated on the score. As well as an analysis of the performances of the composers themselves, the FFT transcribing technique can be applied to the analysis of jazz and other music forms of irregular tempo, such as various types of non-Western music. In addition, the results of the FFT analysis can contribute to the fields of musical education, musicology, and so on.