Abstract
Edible mushrooms are an important source of nutraceuticals and for the discovery of bioactive metabolites as pharmaceuticals. In this work, the OSMAC (One Strain, Many Active Compounds) approach was used to isolate two new compounds (1 and 2) along with seven known compounds (3–9) from a mycelial culture of a unique North American edible mushroom Hericium sp. The fruiting body was collected in Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota (USA), and mycelial cultures were grown on four different solid and liquid media. Extracts from the mycelial cultures were screened for antimicrobial activity and only the extract from the Cheerios substrate culture exhibited antifungal activity. Bioassay guided fractionation and HPLC analysis were used to isolate nine pure compounds and the structures of the known compounds were established by analysis of the NMR and mass spectrometry data and comparison to published reports. Compound 1 is a new erinacerin alkaloid and 2 is an aldehyde derivative of 4-hydroxy chroman. Four chlorinated orcinol derivatives (3–6), a pyran (7), erinaceolactone (8), and erinacine (9) were identified. Compound 4 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans (MIC = 31.3–62.5 μg/mL, respectively). Compound 4 also inhibited biofilm formation of C. albicans and C. neoformans at 7.8 μg/mL. These results suggest that mycelial cultures of edible fungi may provide useful, bioactive compounds.
Highlights
The fruiting bodies of Basidiomycota have been used as tea, health enhancing foods, and medicines for thousands of years as an integral component of traditional folk medicine cultures globally, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [1,2,3,4]
Production of important clinical antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin, and griseofulvin by filamentous Ascomycota fungi is well known [5], a number of potent, biologically active secondary metabolites have been isolated from Basidiomycota and these compounds may contribute to their medicinal usage [6]
Our objective was to elicit the production of a broad range of secondary metabolites by establishing mycelial cultures on several different liquid and solid substrates
Summary
The fruiting bodies (mushrooms) of Basidiomycota have been used as tea, health enhancing foods, and medicines for thousands of years as an integral component of traditional folk medicine cultures globally, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [1,2,3,4]. Production of important clinical antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin, and griseofulvin by filamentous Ascomycota fungi is well known [5], a number of potent, biologically active secondary metabolites have been isolated from Basidiomycota and these compounds may contribute to their medicinal usage [6]. Psilocybin and psilocin from a wide range of mushroom species are being clinically tested for treatment-resistant depression and anxiety disorders [7,8]. Due to their chemical diversity and historical success as both medicines and sources of bioactive compounds, mushrooms remain an attractive resource for natural products drug discovery. It is likely that these morphologically distinct forms differentially upregulate secondary metabolite pathways [10]
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