Discourses of Blame: An Analysis of Media Coverage in the Robert Pickton Case

Jori Dusome

doi:10.29173/invoke48993

Abstract

When most Canadians consume their news media, they don't often consider the underlying narratives of colonialism, racism, and classism that can be spread through media representations of marginalized peoples. Such is the case with Indigenous women in Canada, who die violently at five times the rate of other Canadian women, but are given three and a half times less coverage in the media than white women for similar cases. News media articles covering Indigenous women's deaths are also less in-depth and less likely to make the front page. Prior to the apprehension of Robert “Willy” Pickton in 2002, media coverage of the dozens of missing women on Vancouver's Downtown Eastside was minimal, and often portrayed the women as the harbingers of their own misfortune. The Vancouver Police Department also failed to take action, citing the women’s “transient lifestyles” as reason to believe they would return soon. However, even after widespread recognition of the issue began, media coverage continued to attribute a level of “blameworthiness” to the missing and murdered by regularly engaging with tropes and stereotypes that individualized the acts of violence against them. In this paper, I look to explore that phenomenon by asking how the women of the Downtown Eastside are named as culpable or blameworthy in the violence enacted against them, as evidenced in the media coverage of the Robert Pickton case. My analysis found that while an identifiable killer like Pickton provided the news media a temporary cause for the women’s deaths, sex-working and drug using women maintained blame in the public eye both during and long after the case, due in equal parts to their use of drugs, their status as sex workers, and their proximity to “tainted” geographical regions like the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver. As evidenced by this research, Indigenous women are continually and systemically blamed for the violence enacted against them. Keywords: MMIWG, sex work, media bias, Downtown Eastside, gendered violence

Highlights

When most Canadians consume their news media, they don't often consider the underlying narratives of colonialism, racism, and classism that can be spread through media representations of marginalized peoples
The media perpetuates colonial systems of violence against Indigenous women by constructing a hierarchy of victimhood, where the more “relatable” stories of white women sit front and centre, while both the individual and systemic issues affecting Indigenous women go largely unmentioned. This hierarchy was especially evident in the coverage of the infamous Robert Pickton case, wherein Pickton abducted and murdered at least 49 women from the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver without detection
Pickton was allowed to carry out his violence for years without repercussion, while the news, the police, and the state turned a blind eye, largely because of who the missing women were; drug users, sex workers, the poor, and the Indigenous were deemed unworthy of saving

Summary

Introduction

When most Canadians consume their news media, they don't often consider the underlying narratives of colonialism, racism, and classism that can be spread through media representations of marginalized peoples. The media perpetuates colonial systems of violence against Indigenous women by constructing a hierarchy of victimhood, where the more “relatable” stories of white women sit front and centre, while both the individual and systemic issues affecting Indigenous women go largely unmentioned This hierarchy was especially evident in the coverage of the infamous Robert Pickton case, wherein Pickton abducted and murdered at least 49 women from the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver without detection. The frames include the pathological deviant, or how Indigenous lives are seen as inherently helpless beyond repair; the Madonna and the whore, which positions women as good versus bad depending on their conformity to traditional feminine traits; spatialization, or the way certain spaces become containers and stages for disordered behavior and deviant people; and the single deranged male, a news media narration that blames solely the perpetrator for the violence committed against women, instead of positioning their lack of safety as a failure of the state. Even after widespread recognition of the issue began, media coverage continued to attribute a level of culpability to the missing and murdered by regularly engaging with tropes and stereotypes that individualize acts of violence against them (Lindberg et al, 2012)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion