Abstract
The formulation system employed to convey pharmaceutical drugs compound in the body to attain the desired therapeutic effect at a predetermined rate depending on pharmacological aspects, drug profile, and physiological conditions can be referred to as a novel drug delivery system (NDDS). Due to the intricately sensitive anatomy and physiology of the eye pharmacologist find the ocular delivery system to be more involuted than other routes. Pre-corneal, static and dynamic is the 3 types of ophthalmic barriers, which along with the inflow and outflow of lacrimal fluids, nasolacrimal drainage, are some of the germane factors that affect bioavailability. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where the distribution of drugs in non-targeted body fluids and tissues transcends the quantity of required drug in targeted tissues and causes repercussions, these modified drug delivery systems surpass the ocular barriers and adverse reactions, emphasizing on less invasive, prolonged action. It also promotes sustained release formulation that subjugates the drug loss or degradation to treat many ocular diseases effectively. The current review recapitulates the fundamentals of discosomes, a type of vesicular drug delivery system that acts as a vehicle for the drug delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Discosomes are giant, disc-shaped structures modified from niosomes by arresting the vesicles at the discosome phase. Due to their idiosyncratic size, it provides all due benefits compared to other ocular drug delivery systems. From the review, it can be culminated that discosomes are a potential subject of opposition and opportunities in the arena of safe and effective ocular drug delivery.
Highlights
Vesicular drug delivery system is of great latitude in immunology, modelling of biologic membranes, diagnostic techniques, genetic engineering, transport of active pharmaceutical moiety, etc
Discosomes are evaluated for the spreading coefficient, ability to combat the oxidation of drugs like naltrexone, morphological properties as well as rheological properties, wetting properties, photo-protective properties, etc [39]
Vesicular drug delivery systems like discosomes are an effective means of ocular drug delivery system that play an opposite role in improved ocular absorption along with minimal or reduced side effects
Summary
Vesicular drug delivery system is of great latitude in immunology, modelling of biologic membranes, diagnostic techniques, genetic engineering, transport of active pharmaceutical moiety, etc. It is a combination of new dosage forms and advanced techniques that have proved to be far more efficient than conventional dosage forms. The drug distribution is restricted, by en-capsuling it into a carrier system, either by structural alteration OF the drug molecule or modulation of the drug input into the biological environment [4] It maintains the concentration of the drug at an optimum therapeutic level at the targeted site and precludes the requirement for repeated dosing. The ideal final formulation should be a combination of all these mentioned attributes [8]
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