Discordance des poids de naissance des jumeaux bichoriaux : diagnostic, pronostic obstétrical et néonatal

Abstract

ObjectiveTo describe neonatal and obstetrical prognosis in dichorionic (DC) twins with a birth weight discordance under 20% and evaluate the influence of intrauterine growth restriction on the management. Patients and methodsWe studied retrospectively 67 DC twins birth between July 2002 and July 2012 at our university labour ward. Birth weight discordance was considered slight between 20–25%, moderate between 25–30%, and severe over 30%. ResultsPrevalence of birth weight discordance in DC twins is estimated at 11.4% in our study. Eighty percent of severe discordance was diagnosed before delivery, 41% for moderate discordance and 20% for slight discordance. We note 30% of pre eclampsia in our population with 44% in the severe discordance group. Mean gestational age was 35.1 weeks for slight and moderate discordances, and 33 weeks for severe discordance. Caesarean section rate was 48% for severe discordance and only 36% for slight discordance. Vaginal delivery rate is 56.7%. More than half of patient with a severe discordance gave birth vaginally. Intrauterine growth restriction rate under the 10th percentile was 18.7%. Prevalence of IUGR was 24% in sever discordance group, 23.5% in the moderate discordance group and 10% in the slight group. Neonatal morbidity rate was 20.8% mainly in children with IUGR. Discussion and conclusionNeonatal mortality and morbidity rate are mainly increased in severe discordant twins. These pregnancies are at high risk of maternal morbidity. Vaginal delivery must be preferred for slight and moderate discordances. In case of severe discordance, vaginal delivery should be considered depending on the degree of intrauterine growth retardation.