Abstract
Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are performed to measure discharge coefficients in the case of a gate located on the upstream wall of a weir for flood storage. The effect of the gate slope and the side contraction have been taken into account. The study was first performed experimentally, when three series of tests were carried out with (and without) a broad crested weir located under the gate, at different values of the inclination angle of the weir upstream wall, and at different values of the shape ratio and the relative opening. In order to provide useful suggestions for those involved in sluice gate construction and management, three equations were obtained based on multiple regression, relating the discharge coefficient to different parameters that characterize the phenomenon at hand, separating the case when the broad-crested weir was present. Then numerical simulations were executed by means of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the k-ε turbulence closure model and in conjunction with the volume of fluid (VOF) method, to validate the numerical results against the experimental and to possibly investigate phenomena not caught by the experimental measurements. Simulated discharges were very close to the observed ones showing that the proposed three-dimensional numerical procedure is a favorable option to correctly reproduce the phenomenon.
Highlights
Sluice gates on the upstream walls of weirs represent one of the most efficient structural devices for river flood control and active defense from flooding
In the present work laboratory experiments of discharge coefficients in the case of a gate set on the upstream wall of a weir at different inclination of the wall, allow us to identify the minimum value of the gate opening above which the scale effect due to viscosity is negligible
Three expressions were found, relating the discharge coefficient with different parameters that characterized the phenomenon at hand
Summary
Sluice gates on the upstream walls of weirs represent one of the most efficient structural devices for river flood control and active defense from flooding. Weirs are usually placed transversely to the riverbed, which causes a backwater effect, allowing the storage of part of the flood volume in natural areas of the basin. In these cases, the river flow may be regulated by an orifice until the water level reaches the maximum allowed value, where an overflow structure is located. The most common problem concerns sluice gates that are set in a channel of the same width without considering the lateral contraction. This is significant in the case presented here
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